Systems Engineering

系统工程是工程和工程管理的一个跨学科领域，关注于如何设计和管理复杂系统的生命周期。系统工程的核心是利用系统思维原则来组织这一知识体系。这些工作的单个结果，即一个工程系统，可以定义为协同工作以共同执行有用功能的组件的组合。在处理大型或复杂的项目时，诸如需求工程、可靠性、物流、不同团队的协调、测试和评估、可维护性以及许多其他成功的系统开发、设计、实现和最终退役所必需的规程等问题变得更加困难。系统工程处理此类项目中的工作流程、优化方法和风险管理工具。它与工业工程、机械工程、制造工程、控制工程、软件工程、电气工程、控制论、组织研究、土木工程和项目管理等以技术和人为中心的学科交叉。系统工程确保考虑到项目或系统的所有可能方面，并将其集成到一个整体中。系统工程过程是一个发现过程，它与制造过程非常不同。制造过程的重点是重复的活动，以最低的成本和时间实现高质量的输出。系统工程过程必须从发现需要解决的真正问题开始，并确定可能发生的最可能的或影响最大的故障——系统工程包括找到这些问题的解决方案。

Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and engineering management that focuses on how to design and manage complex systems over their life cycles. At its core, systems engineering utilizes systems thinking principles to organize this body of knowledge. The individual outcome of such efforts, an engineered system, can be defined as a combination of components that work in synergy to collectively perform a useful function.Issues such as requirements engineering, reliability, logistics, coordination of different teams, testing and evaluation, maintainability and many other disciplines necessary for successful system development, design, implementation, and ultimate decommission become more difficult when dealing with large or complex projects. Systems engineering deals with work-processes, optimization methods, and risk management tools in such projects. It overlaps technical and human-centered disciplines such as industrial engineering, mechanical engineering, manufacturing engineering, control engineering, software engineering, electrical engineering, cybernetics, organizational studies, civil engineering and project management. Systems engineering ensures that all likely aspects of a project or system are considered, and integrated into a whole.The systems engineering process is a discovery process that is quite unlike a manufacturing process. A manufacturing process is focused on repetitive activities that achieve high quality outputs with minimum cost and time. The systems engineering process must begin by discovering the real problems that need to be resolved, and identifying the most probable or highest impact failures that can occur – systems engineering involves finding solutions to these problems.