ELECTROCHEMISTRY

电化学是物理化学的一个分支，研究电作为一种可测量和定量的现象与可识别的化学变化之间的关系，电被认为是特定化学变化的结果，反之亦然。这些反应涉及电极和电解质（或溶液中的离子物质）之间移动的电荷。因此，电化学研究电能和化学变化之间的相互作用。当化学反应是由外部提供的电流引起的，如在电解中，或如果电流是由电池中的自发化学反应产生的，则称为电化学反应。电子直接在分子和/或原子之间转移的化学反应称为氧化还原或（氧化还原）反应。一般来说，电化学描述的是单个氧化还原反应是分开的，但由外部电路和中间电解质连接的总反应。

Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry that studies the relationship between electricity, as a measurable and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical change, with either electricity considered an outcome of a particular chemical change or vice versa. These reactions involve electric charges moving between electrodes and an electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution). Thus electrochemistry deals with the interaction between electrical energy and chemical change.When a chemical reaction is caused by an externally supplied current, as in electrolysis, or if an electric current is produced by a spontaneous chemical reaction as in a battery, it is called an electrochemical reaction. Chemical reactions where electrons are transferred directly between molecules and/or atoms are called oxidation-reduction or (redox) reactions. In general, electrochemistry describes the overall reactions when individual redox reactions are separate but connected by an external electric circuit and an intervening electrolyte.