SYSTEMIC PRACTICE AND ACTION RESEARCH

系统实践与行动研究(SPAR)致力于批判性系统思维及其应用，并建立对现代社会复杂性的理解。该杂志研究了技术进步的影响，包括对当今社会仍有深远影响的旧技术。此外，该期刊有助于对科学进行重新思考，并对系统实践和行动研究在各种组织和社会环境中的反射性应用作出贡献。SPAR是一个促进关于管理和系统研究的新思维的论坛，它还鼓励仍然有效的传统研究方法。因此，贡献来自于所有形式的调查和推理，包括演绎主义、经验主义、归纳主义和隐喻。读者可以找到原创研究、案例研究、经验反思和简短的研究笔记。

Systemic Practice and Action Research (SPAR) is dedicated to critical systems thinking and its applications and building an understanding of the complexities of modern society. The journal examines the effects of technological advancement, including older technologies that continue to have profound effects on society today. Furthermore, the journal contributes to a rethinking of science as well as to the reflective application of systemic practice and action research in all types of organizational and social settings.A forum that fosters new thinking about management and systems research, SPAR also encourages traditional research methods that have remained effective. Contributions therefore draw upon all forms of investigation and reasoning, including deductionism, empiricism, inductionism, and metaphor. Readers will find works of original research, case studies, reflections on experience, and short research notes.