COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS

认知语言学是语言学的一个跨学科分支，它将心理学和语言学的知识和研究结合起来。它描述了语言如何与认知相互作用，语言如何形成我们的思想，以及语言的进化与随着时间的推移共同心态的变化相平行。根据韦伯斯特的观点，“认知”一词被定义为“有意识的智力活动（如思考、推理或记忆）”，与之相关，存在或涉及。韦氏还将语言学定义为“对人类语言的研究，包括语言的单位、性质、结构和修饰”。[2]将这两个定义结合起来形成认知语言学，将提供在认知语言学领域中讨论的概念和想法的概念。在认知语言学领域中，对概念和经验的分析语言范畴的基础是最重要的。语言的形式结构不是像是自主的，而是一般概念组织、分类原则、处理机制以及经验和环境影响的反映。由于认知语言学将语言视为人类整体认知能力的一部分，因此认知语言学所关注的主题包括：自然语言分类的结构特征（如原型性、系统多义性、认知模型、心理意象和概念隐喻）；有趣的语言组织的动作原则（如象似性和自然性）；句法和语义之间的概念接口（如认知语法和结构语法所探索的）；所使用语言的经验和语用背景；语言和思想之间的关系，包括有关语言和思维的问题。快乐和概念的普遍性。认知语言学的各种形式的结合是相信语言知识不仅涉及语言的知识，而且涉及语言所介导的世界知识[3]此外，认知语言学认为语言既体现了语言，又处于特定的环境中。

Cognitive linguistics (CL) is an interdisciplinary branch of linguistics, combining knowledge and research from both psychology and linguistics. It describes how language interacts with cognition, how language forms our thoughts, and the evolution of language parallel with the change in the common mindset across time.[1]According to Merriam-Webster, the word "cognitive" is defined as "of, relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity (such as thinking, reasoning, or remembering)". Merriam-Webster also defines linguistics as "the study of human speech including the units, nature, structure, and modification of language".[2] Combining those two definitions together to form cognitive linguistics would provide the notion of the concepts and ideas discussed in the realm of CL. Within CL, the analysis of the conceptual and experiential basis of linguistic categories is of primary importance. The formal structures of language are studied not as if they were autonomous, but as reflections of general conceptual organization, categorization principles, processing mechanisms, and experiential and environmental influences.Since cognitive linguistics sees language as embedded in the overall cognitive capacities of human beings, topics of special interest for cognitive linguistics include: the structural characteristics of natural language categorization (such as prototypicality, systematic polysemy, cognitive models, mental imagery, and conceptual metaphor); the functional principles of linguistic organization (such as iconicity and naturalness); the conceptual interface between syntax and semantics (as explored by cognitive grammar and construction grammar); the experiential and pragmatic background of language-in-use; and the relationship between language and thought, including questions about linguistic relativity and conceptual universals.What holds together the diverse forms of cognitive linguistics is the belief that linguistic knowledge involves not just knowledge of the language, but knowledge of the world as mediated by the language.[3] In addition, cognitive linguistics argues that language is both embodied and situated in a specific environment.